Precise body composition analysis using the U.S. Navy medical standard
Essential: 2-5% (M), 10-13% (F)
Athletic: 6-13% (M), 14-20% (F)
Average: 18-24% (M), 25-31% (F)
Obese: 25%+ (M), 32%+ (F)
Developed by researchers at the Naval Health Research Center, this method provides a reliable estimate using simple circumference measurements. It is widely considered the gold standard for tape-based estimation.